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The primary idea behind metal bending is the plastic deformation of metal materials when subjected to outside forces. The following provides a thorough overview:
The metal sheet experiences elastic deformation during the bending process, followed by plastic deformation. When plastic bending first occurs, the sheet bends effortlessly. The radius of curvature and bending moment arm decrease as the pressure that the mold applies to the plate increases and the plate and mold eventually come into closer contact.
The metal material changes in dimension as a result of elastic deformation occurring at the stress point and plastic deformation occurring on both sides of the bending point during the bending process.
Increasing the bending radius, bending the material more than once, and other changes are frequently made to prevent cracks, distortion, and other issues at the bending point.
This idea is applicable to both flat material bending and metal pipe bending, as in the case of a hydraulic pipe bending machine, which shapes the pipe using the pressure produced by the hydraulic system. Metal bending, in general, is a manufacturing technique that creates parts or components with the appropriate size and shape by plastically deforming metal.